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Brooke Laboratory
Shallow to deep sea invertebrate ecology

Manuscripts

  1. Blank Nicole, BK Walker, S Brooke (in press) Spatial variation in hard-bottom coral communities of the coastal West Florida Shelf. Bulletin of Marine Science

  2. Walker BK, JK Reed, J Ash, CG Messing, S Brooke, S Farrington (2021) Regionalization of benthic hard-bottom communities across the Pourtales Terrace, Florida. Deep Sea Research 1. 172: 103514

  3. Walker BK, S Eagan, C Ames, S Brooke, S Keenan, R Baumstark (2020) Shallow water coral communities support the separation of marine ecoregions on the west-central Florida Gulf Coast. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:210

  4. Robertson CM, AW Demopoulos, JR Bourque, F Mienis, GCA Duineveld, M Lavaleye, RK Koivisto, S Brooke, SW Ross, M Rhode, AJ Davies (2020) Submarine canyons influence macrofaunal diversity and density patterns in the deep-sea benthos. Deep Sea Research I. 159:103249

  5. Jarnegren J, S Brooke, H Jensen (2020) Effects and recovery of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Desmophyllum pertusum) exposed to suspended bentonite, barite and drill cuttings. Marine Environmental Research. 158:104996

  6. Demopoulos AWJ, J McClain-Counts, J Bourque, N Prouty, B Smith, S Brooke, SW Ross, C Ruppel (2019) Examination of Bathymodiolus childressi nutritional sources, isotopic niches, and food-web linkages at two seeps in the US Atlantic margin using stable isotope analysis and mixing models. Deep Sea Research I. 148: 53-66

  7. Coykendall DK, RS Cornman, NG Prouty, S Brooke, AWJ Demopoulos, CL Morrison (2019) Molecular characterization of Bathymodiolus mussels and gill symbionts associated with chemosynthetic habitats from the U.S. Atlantic margin. PLOS ONE. 14(3):e0211616

  8. Goldsmith D, C Kellogg, C Morrison, M Gray, R Stone, R Waller, S Brooke, S Ross (2018) Comparison of microbiomes of cold-water corals Primnoa pacifica and Primnoa resedaeformis, with possible link between microbiome composition and host genotype. Scientific Reports 8: A12383

  9. Brooke SD, MW Watts, AD Heil, M Rhode, F Mienis, GCA Duineveld, AJ Davies, SW Ross (2017) Distributions and habitat associations of deep water corals in Norfolk and Baltimore canyons of the Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA. Deep Sea Research II. 137:131-147

  10. Demopoulos AWJ, J McClain-Counts, SW Ross, S. Brooke, F Mienis (2017) Food-web dynamics and isotope niches in deep-sea communities residing in a submarine canyon and on the adjacent open slopes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 578: 19-33

  11. Meyer KS, SD Brooke, AK Sweetman, M Wolf, CM Young (2017) Invertebrate communities on historical shipwrecks in the western Atlantic: relation to islands. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 566:17-29

  12. Ross SW, M Rhode, SD Brooke (2017) Deep sea coral and hardbottom habitats on the west Florida slope, eastern Gulf of Mexico. Deep Sea Research II. 120: 14-28

  13. Jarnegren J, S Brooke, H Jensen (2017) Effects of drill cuttings on larvae of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Deep Sea Research II. 137: 454-462

  14. Bourque JR, CM. Robertson, S Brooke, AWJ Demopoulos (2017) Macrofaunal communities associated with chemosynthetic habitats from the U.S. Atlantic margin: a comparison among depth and habitat types. Deep Sea Research II 137: 42-55

  15. Kellogg CA, SW Ross, SD Brooke (2016) Bacterial community diversity of the deep-sea octocoral Paramuricea placomus. PeerJ 4: e2529; DOI 10.7717/peerj.2529

  16. Prouty NG, PL Campbell, F Mienis, G. Duineveld, AWJ Demopoulos, SW Ross, S Brooke (2016) Impact of Deepwater Horizon spill on food supply to deep-sea benthos communities Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 169: 248-264

  17. Prouty NG, D Sahy, CD Ruppel, EB Roark, D Condon, S Brooke, SW Ross, AWJ Demopoulos (2016) Insights into methane dynamics from analysis of authigenic carbonates and chemosynthetic mussels at newly-discovered Atlantic Margin seeps. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 449: 332-344

  18. Lawler SN, CA Kellogg, SC France, RW Clostio, SD Brooke, SW Ross (2016) Coral-associated bacterial diversity is conserved across two deep sea Anthothela species. Frontiers in Microbiology. 7(458): 1-18

  19. Cordes EE, DOB Jones, TA Schlacher, DJ. Amon, AF Bernardino, S Brooke, et al. (2016) Environmental impacts of the deep-water oil and gas industry: a review to guide management strategies. Frontiers in Environmental Science 4(58): 1-26 DOI:10.3389/fenvs.2016.0005

  20. Ross SW, S Brooke, A Quattrini, M. Rhode, J C Watterson (2015) A deep-sea community at unusually shallow depths in the western North Atlantic Ocean off northeastern Florida. Marine Biology 162: 635-648

  21. Larsson AI, J Järnegren, SM Strömberg,  MP Dahl, T Lundälv, S Brooke (2014) Embryogenesis and larval biology of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Plos ONE 9(7): e102222

  22. Mienis F, G Duineveld, AJ Davies,  M Lavaleye, SW Ross, H Seim, J Bane, H van Haren, M Bergman, H de Haas, S. Brooke, T. van Weering (2014)  Cold-water coral growth under extreme environmental conditions, the Cape Lookout area, NW Atlantic. Biogeosciences 11:2543-2560

  23. Obelcz J, D Brothers, J Chaytor, U Brink, SW. Ross, S Brooke (2014) High-resolution geophysical and ROV surveys of four major submarine canyons of the US mid-Atlantic margin. Deep Sea Res. II 104:106-119

  24. Brooke S, SW Ross (2014) First observations of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Deep Sea Res. II 104:241-251

  25. Brooke S, SW Ross, JM Bane, HE Seim, CM Young (2013) Temperature tolerance of the deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa from the southeastern United States. Deep Sea Research II. 92:240-248

  26. Reed J, CM Messing, S Brooke, T Correa, M Brouwer, T Udouj (2013) Distribution and areal extent of deep-water coral reefs off Florida, Southeastern U.S. Jnl. Carib. Res. 47(1): 13-30

  27. Brooke S, J Jarnegren (2013) Reproductive periodicity of the deep-water scleractinian coral, Lophelia pertusa from the Trondheim Fjord, Norway. Mar. Biol.160:139-153

  28. Norse EA, S Brooke, WWL Cheung, MR Clark, I Ekeland, R Froese, KM Gjerde, RL Haedrich, SS Heppell, T Morato, LE Morgan, D Pauly, R Sumaila, R Watson (2012) Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries. Marine Policy (36): 307-320

  29. Morrison CM, SW Ross, MS. Nizinski, S Brooke, J Jarnegren, R Waller, RL Johnson, TL King (2011) Genetic discontinuity between regional populations of Lophelia pertusa in the North Atlantic Ocean. Conserv. Genet. 12:713-729

  30. Brooke S, CM Young (2009) Direct measurements of in situ survival and growth of Lophelia pertusa in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:153-161

  31. Brooke S, Holmes M, Young CM (2009) Effects of sediment on two morphotypes of Lophelia pertusa from the Gulf of Mexico.  Marine Ecology Progress Series 390: 137–144

  32. Brooke S, CM Young (2009) Where do embryos of Riftia pachyptila develop? Pressure tolerances, temperature tolerances and buoyancy during embryonic dispersal. Deep Sea Research II 56: 1599-1606

  33. Brooke S, R. Stone (2007) Reproduction of Hydrocorals (order stylasterina) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Bulletin of Marine Science 81(3): 519-532

  34. Staudigel H, SR Hart, A Pile, BE Bailey, ET Baker, S Brooke, DP Connelly, L Haucke, CR German, I Hudson, D Jones, AAP Koppers, J Kontera, R Lee, TW Pietsch, BM. Tebo, AS Templeton, R Zierenberg, CM Young (2006)  Vailulu’u Seamount, Samoa: Life and death on an active submarine volcano. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103(17):6448-6453

  35. Tyler P, CM Young, E Dolan, SM Arellano, S Brooke, M Baker (2006)  Gametogenic periodicity in the chemosynthetic cold-seep mussel Bathymodiolus childressi.  Marine Biology 150 (5): 829-840  

  36. Brooke S, CC Koenig, AN Shepard (2006) Oculina banks restoration project: description and preliminary assessment. Proceedings 57th Gulf and Carib. Fisheries Institute: 607-620

  37. Koenig CC, AN Shepard, JK Reed, FC Coleman, S Brooke, J Brusher, KM Scanlon (2005) Habitat and fish populations in the deep-sea Oculina coral Ecosystem of the western Atlantic. American Fisheries Society Symposium 41: 795-805

  38. Brooke S, CM Young (2005) Embryogenesis and larval biology of the ahermatypic scleractinian Oculina varicosa Marine Biology 146(4): 665-675

  39. Olson JB, S Brooke, B Phaneuf, WW Schroeder (2004) An evaluation of the Innovator ROV as a tool for deep-water coral research.  Proceedings of the Underwater Intervention 2004 Conference, CD-ROM Reference: Feb. 18, E-3 NOAA, E32

  40. Brooke S, CM Young (2003) Reproductive ecology of a deep-water scleractinian coral, Oculina varicosa Continental Shelf Research 23: 847-858

  41. Eckelbarger KJ, CM Young, E Ramirez, S Brooke and P Tyler (2001) Gametogenesis, spawning behavior, and early development in the "iceworm" Hesiocaeca methanicola (Polychaeta: Hesionidae) from methane hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico. Marine Biology 138:761-775

Book Chapters

  1. Brooke S, Demopoulos AWJ, Roberts H, Lunden J, Sutton T, Davies A (in revision) Cold-water corals of the world: Gulf of Mexico. In: Cordes EE, Mienis F (eds) Corals of the World. Springer International.

  2. Orejas C, Taviani M, Ambroso S, Andreou V, Bilan M, Bo M, Brooke S, et al., (2019) Cold-water corals in aquaria: advances and challenges. In: Orejas C, Jiménez C (eds). Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future. Springer International

  3. Jaap, WC, SW Ross, S. Brooke, WS Arnold (2014) Ch. 6: Factors affecting coral reef fisheries in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. In: Interrelationships between corals and fisheries (Ed S. Bortone) CRC Press pp. 289

  4. Schroeder WW, S Brooke (2011) Habitat-forming deep-water scleractinian corals in the Gulf of Mexico. In: Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota (Eds. C Holmes and N Buster): Volume 3, Geology. pp 355-366. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas

  5. Brooke S (2009) Lophelia Oases. In Encyclopedia of Islands (Eds RG Gillespie and DA Clague) University of California Press p564-567

  6. Messing C, JK Reed, S Brooke, SW Ross (2008) Ch 27: Deep water coral reefs of the United States. In Coral Reefs of the USA (Eds. B Riegl and R Dodge) Volume 1: 763-788

  7. Schroeder WW, S Brooke, JB Olson, B Phaneuf, JJ McDonough III, P Etnoyer (2005) Occurrence of deep-water Lophelia pertusaand Madrepora oculata in the Gulf of Mexico. Pp 297-307, In: Deep-water Corals and Ecosystems (Eds. A Freiwald and JM Roberts), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg

  8. Kristensen RM, S Brooke (2002) Chapter 8: Phylum Loricifera In: Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae (Eds. CM Young, M Sewell and M Rice) Academic Press, London. P 179-188

Technical Reports

  1. Cordes EE, AW Demopoulos, BB Bernard, S Brooke, et al. (2022). Deepwater Atlantic Habitats II: Continued Atlantic Research and Exploration in Deepwater Ecosystems with Focus on Coral, Canyon and Seep Communities. Final report. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Atlantic OCS Region, 575 p. Report No.: OCS Study BOEM. Contract No.: M17PC00009

  2. Brooke S, A Baco-Taylor, J Ingels, S Morey, M Poti, A Winship (2022)  Combining habitat suitability and physical oceanography models for targeted discovery of new benthic communities on the west Florida slope. Final Report for NOAA OER Grant No. NA180AR0110285, pp42

  3. Wang Z, S Brooke, M Jiang, M Ringham, G Alsenas, E Busold (2022)  Exploration and Characterization of Fine-scale Physical-biogeochemical Environment over Deep Coral Reefs on the West Florida Slope using Integrated ROV-lander-sensor Systems. Final Report for NOAA OER Grant No. NA18OAR0110352

  4. Brooke S (2022) An accounting and summary of oyster restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico funded by Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster funds. Technical report and database submitted to the Florida Wildlife Federation in fulfilment of Contract No. 32723 pp36

  5. Brooke S (2020) Status of deep-sea corals in the southeastern US. Technical Report submitted to the Florida Wildlife Federation in fulfilment of Contract No. 32723 pp66

  6. Brooke S, Konchar K Smith K (2018) Report for Franklin County Coastal Waters In: Yarbro L and Carlson PR, Seagrass Integrated Mapping and Monitoring Program Report No. 3. FWRI Technical Report TR-17 

  7. Demopoulos, A.W.J., Ross, S.W., Kellogg, C.A., Morrison, C.L., Nizinski, M., Prouty, N.G., Bourque, J.R., Galkiewicz, J.P., Gray, M.A., Springmann, M.J., Coykendall, D.K., Miller, A., Rhode, M., Quattrini, A., Ames, C.L., Brooke, S., McClain-Counts, J., Roark, E.B., Buster, N.A., Phillips, R.M., and Frometa, J., (2017) Deepwater Program: Lophelia II, continuing ecological research on deep-sea corals and deep-reef habitats in the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1139, pp 269

  8. Brooke S, S. Ross, M Wolf, M Rhode (2017) Chapter 2: Analysis of historical data. In: Exploration and Research of Mid-Atlantic Deepwater Hard Bottom Habitats and Shipwrecks with Emphasis on Canyons and Coral Communities. CSA Ocean Sciences (Eds). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Atlantic OCS Region. OCS Study BOEM 2017-060p15-30 plus Appendix pp 93

  9. Brooke S, M Wolf-Watts, AD Heil, K Meyer, DK Coykendall, M Rhode, CM Young, SW Ross (2017) Chapter 8: Benthic invertebrate communities. In: Exploration and Research of Mid-Atlantic Deepwater Hard Bottom Habitats and Shipwrecks with Emphasis on Canyons and Coral Communities. CSA Ocean Sciences (Eds). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Atlantic OCS Region. OCS Study BOEM 2017-060 p333-434 plus Appendices

  10. Brooke S, A Sogluizzo (2017) Chapter 11: Invertebrate reproductive biology. In: Exploration and Research of Mid-Atlantic Deepwater Hard Bottom Habitats and Shipwrecks with Emphasis on Canyons and Coral Communities. CSA Ocean Sciences (Eds). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Atlantic OCS Region. OCS Study BOEM 2017-060. P537-577

  11. Brooke S, S. Viada et al. (2017) Chapter 19: Synthesis. In: Exploration and Research of Mid-Atlantic Deepwater Hard Bottom Habitats and Shipwrecks with Emphasis on Canyons and Coral Communities. CSA Ocean Sciences (Eds). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Atlantic OCS Region. OCS Study BOEM 2017-060 p961-984

  12. Brooke S (2017) Habitat characterization and vulnerability assessment of coral and sponge reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Final report submitted to NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. Award NA14NOS4820083. 76pp

  13. Brooke S (2017) Deep water coral habitat areas of particular concern in the Gulf of Mexico. Technical Report submitted to the Florida Wildlife Federation in fulfilment of Contract No. 29282 pp 62

  14. Koenig CK, S Brooke, K Kingon, C Stallings (2015) Reef fish communities on natural and artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: seasonal patterns and habitat associations. Final report submitted to FWC. Contract No. FWC11179. 74pp

  15. Stone R, D Stevenson, S Brooke (2015) Assessment of a pilot study to collect coral bycatch data from the Alaska commercial fishing fleet. NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-AFSC-296 pp23

  16. Brooke S, SW Ross, R Mather, S Viada (2014) Exploration and research of Mid-Atlantic deep-water hard-bottom habitats and shipwrecks with emphasis on canyons and coral communities. Cruise report for 2013 sampling survey. Submitted to BOEM Contract No. M10PC00100 36pp

  17. SW Ross, S Brooke, R Mather, S Viada (2013) Exploration and research of Mid-Atlantic deep-water hard-bottom habitats and shipwrecks with emphasis on canyons and coral communities. Cruise report for 2012 sampling survey. Submitted to BOEM Contract No. M10PC00100 46pp

  18. Ross SW, S Brooke, S Viada (2011) Exploration and research of Mid-Atlantic deepwater hardbottom habitats and shipwrecks with emphasis on canyons and coral communities. Cruise report for 2011 mapping survey. Submitted to BOEM Contract No. M10PC00100 14pp

  19. Gulick S, S Brooke, J Ardron (2011) The Biology of the Sargasso Sea: A Preliminary Review. Sargasso Sea Alliance Science Report Series, No 4, 18 pp. ISBN 978-0-9847520-5-8

  20. Brooke S, WW Schroeder (2007) Chapter 7: State of deep coral ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico region: Texas to the Florida Straits In: The State of Deep Coral Ecosystems of the United States (Eds. SE Lumsden, TF Hourigan, and AW Bruckner), NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-CRCP-3, Silver Spring MD: p 271-306

  21. Brooke S, CM Young, M Holmes (2007) Chapter 6: Biological Characterization and Studies, In: Characterization of Northern Gulf of Mexico deepwater hard bottom communities with emphasis on Lophelia coral. Final report to U.S.D.I., Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Region. OCS Study 2007-044: p119-147

  22. Etnoyer PJ, SD Cairns, JA Sanchez, JK  Reed, JV Lopez, WW Schroder, S Brooke, L Watling, A Baco-Taylor, GC Williams, A Lindner, SC France, AW Bruckner (2006) Deep-Sea Coral Collection Protocols. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-28. 53 pp.

Research Grants

  1. A review of oyster restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. Florida Wildlife Federation. $15,000 (2020-2021). PI: S. Brooke

    The Apalachicola Bay System Initiative. Triumph Inc. $7,998,678 (2019-2024). PI; S. Brooke, Co-PI: F Coleman

  2. Rearing of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) juveniles for research and restoration. Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission. $35,000 (2019-2020) PI. S. Brooke 

  3. Assessment of benthic invertebrate and fish communities associated with artificial reefs off Wakulla County. Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission. $36,928 (2019-2020) PI. S. Brooke 

  4. Seasonal and latitudinal variation in community structure of Symbiodinium associated with stony corals. Florida Inst. Oceanography. Use of the Florida Keys Marine Lab facilities: $3,024 (2019-2020). PI S.  Brooke

  5. Combining habitat suitability and physical oceanography models for targeted discovery of new benthic communities on the west Florida Slope. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. $426,316. (2018-2021) PIs: S. Brooke, A Baco-Taylor, J. Ingels, S. Morey.

  6. Exploration and characterization of fine-scale physical-biogeochemical environment over deep coral reefs on the west Florida slope using integrated ROV-lander-sensor systems.  NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. FSU subcontract $44,485 (2018-2021). PI: S. Brooke

  7. Development of a pilot bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) hatchery and grow out facility. Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. $33,300 (2018-2019). PI: S. Brooke

  8. Data Dissemination from Past Projects. Deep-Sea Coral Research off South Florida.  NOAA DSCRTP. $8,000 (2017-2018). PI: S Brooke

  9. Continuing research on Atlantic deep-water habitats. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. FSU subcontract $389,000 (2017-2022). S. Brooke

  10. Applications of Green Technology for Habitat Restoration and Artificial Reef Construction. Schmidt Ocean Technologies. FSU subcontract $40,000 (2017-2018). S. Brooke

  11. Assessment of proposed deep-water coral habitat areas of particular concern in the Gulf of Mexico. Florida Wildlife Federation. $10,000 (2016-2017). PI: S Brooke

  12. Seagrass abundance and productivity in St George Sound and Apalachee Bay, Florida. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. $100,000 (2016-2017). PIs: S. Brooke, F. Coleman

  13. In situ growth rates of stony corals in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. PADI Foundation $5,785 (2014-2016). PI: S. Brooke

  14. Habitat characterization and vulnerability assessment of coral and sponge reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program $62,660 (2014-2016). PI: S. Brooke

  15. Role of environmental cues in driving variability of reproductive periodicity in North Atlantic deep-water corals. Marine Alliance Science Technology Scotland $20,500 (2012-2013). PIs: S. Brooke, JM Roberts

  16. Extreme corals 2011: Habitat characterization and video analysis. NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program $95,000 (2011-2012). PIs: SW Ross, S Brooke.

  17. Atlantic Deepwater Canyons Study. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. $3,000,000 (2010-2016). PIs: CSA Inc. S. Brooke, SW Ross.  

  18. Insights into the sensitivity of cold-water communities to drilling mud: enhancing diagnosis and decision-making with emphasis on Lophelia. Norwegian Research Council. FSU subcontract $15,000 (2010-2011). PI: S. Brooke

  19. Extreme corals 2010: Exploration of deep coral habitat in the SEUS. NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program $115,000 (2010-2011). PIs: SW Ross, S Brooke.

  20. Lophelia II: Reproductive biology. Continuing Ecological Research on Deep-sea Corals. US Geological Survey $28,000 (2010-11). PI: S. Brooke

  21. Benthic-pelagic coupling in deep coral ecosystems. NOAA CIOERT $80,389 (2010). PIs: T Frank, S Brooke, T Sutton, A Remsen.

  22. South Atlantic information resources: data search and literature synthesis. Research Planning Inc. $11,000 (2009-11). PI: S. Brooke

  23. The Linkage Between Pelagic and Benthic Ecosystems.   NOAA CIOERT $84,369 (2009-2010). PIs: T Frank, S Brooke, T Sutton, A Remsen.

  24. Recovery potential of damaged deep-water Oculina habitat and fish populations: the effect of human intervention. NURC $40,000, 11 days ship/technical divers (2008-2009). PIs C Koenig, S Brooke.

  25. Florida's deep-water oases: Exploration and characterization of deep reef ecosystems. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration $262,000 (2007-2008). PIs: C Messing, S Brooke.  

  26. Mapping and characterization of deep sea coral ecosystems off the coast of Florida. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration $101,571(2004-2005): PIs: S Brooke, C Messing, J Reed

  27. Reproduction and larval biology of deep-water hydrocorals from the Aleutian Islands. NMFS Alaska $12,000 (2004-2005): PI. S. Brooke

  28. Characterization of northern Gulf of Mexico deep-water hard-bottom communities with emphasis on Lophelia coral. Minerals Management Service $229,848 (2003-2006). PIs: CM Young, S Brooke.

  29. Reproduction and larval biology of deep-water hydrocorals from the Aleutian Islands. NMFS Alaska $10,000 (2003). PI: S Brooke

  30. The occurrence and ecology of deep-water corals and associated communities in the Gulf of Mexico. NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration, 7 days ship/ROV (2003-2004). PIs: W Schroeder, S Brooke, J Olson.  

  31. Maintenance of critical fish spawning habitat: reproduction of the Ivory Tree Coral, Oculina varicosa. NOAA MARFIN $68,396 (1999-2001): PI S Brooke